Poor Performance in Supply Chain Management Procurement - Proposal - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1366 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? An investigation on the course of poor performance in Supply Chain Management Procurement Section in the Department of Agriculture Limpopo Province: Vhembe District A Research Proposal Table of Contents 1.INTRODUCTION AND BACKROUND..3 2.PROBLEM STATEMENT.4 3.RESEARCH OBJECTIVES.4 4.RESEARCH QUESTIONS.4 5.LITERATURE REVIEW4 6.RESEARCH DESIGN.5 7.ETHICS STATEMENT6 8.CHAPTER OUTLINE.6 9.TIME-LINE.7 10. BUDGET.7 11.PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY.8 12.FEASIBILITY..8 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKROUND Procurement reforms in South Africa started in 1995 and were directed at two broad focus areas, the promotion of principles of good governance and the introduction of a preference system to address certain socio-economic objectives. The procurement reform processes were embedded in section 76(4) (C) of the Public Finance Management Act No 1 of 1999 (PFMA) and the preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act No 5 of 2000 (PPPFA). The public procurement is the function whereby public sector organisations acquire goods, services and development and construction projects from suppliers in the local and international market, subject to the general principle of fairness, equitability, transparency, competitiveness and cost-effectiveness. SCM is an integral part of prudent financial management in the South African public sector management (OGC 2005: 11). According to Hanks, Davies and Perera (2008), SCM operates within a regulatory framework set by the national government and extended by provinces and local government bodies to specific policies, legislation and regulations. The Limpopo Department of Agriculture Vhembe District in Supply Chain Management under Procurement is currently not performing well as compared to the service standards set by the Department; the service standards has placed some measures that should be followed in order to perform accurately in procurement but still the performance is not up to standard. SCM is guided by a number of related policies and regulations (National Treasury, 2005). Compliance with these policies and regulations is a problem. It is clear that if proper procedures for procurement could be followed performance in procurement section might improve and the rendering of service to the community might be easier. 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT The poor performance in supply Chain Management Procurement Section Department of Agriculture Limpopo: Vhembe District. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Poor Performance in Supply Chain Management Procurement Proposal" essay for you Create order 3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 3.1 To assess performance of procurement section against the set service standards. 3.2 To develop remedial strategies or guidelines to alleviate non-performance in procurement section in Vhembe District. 4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 4.1 What is the turn-around time of procurement processes? 4.2 What are the causes of poor performance in Procurement Section Vhembe District? 4.3 What appropriate remedial steps can be developed to alleviate poor performance in Procurement Section Vhembe District? 5. LITERATURE REVIEW SCM Policy: 2011-2012 states that performance management is a pro-active and re-active (retrospective) process of determining whether objectives and the broader government strategic and operational goals are being met. As such it serves as a management tool. Since the SCM System is an integral part in achieving these objectives, it is necessary that recording, reporting and performance measurement regarding the SCM system must take place. It is therefore essential that the department must establish a system that will be followed accurately. The SCM Unit is responsible to measure Department`s progress regarding the achievement of the goals by using the pre-determined criteria. The results of this measurement must then be included in external and internal reports as prescribed. Consulting Engineers South Africa (CESA): 2010-2013 is appalled at Governments that poor performance in relation to the non-payment of suppliers resulting in many companies in the industry going into liq uidation and out of business. Graham Pirie, CEO states, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"if Government wants to create jobs then this is very poor behaviourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Key priorities included in President Zumaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s New Growth Path are job creation and improved service delivery. Non- payment is having a serious impact on SAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to deliver infrastructure. It is clear that if Government poor performance is leading companies to liquidation on non-payment of suppliers something must be done urgently to save the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s jobs. Non à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"payment on companies is other proof for poor performance in procurement. Many public procurement activities suffer from neglect, lack of direction, poor co-ordination, lack of open competition and transparency, differing levels of corruption and most importantly not having a cadre of trained and qualified procurement specialists, who are competent to conduct and manage such procurements, in a prof essional, timely and cost effective manner. Inflexible and bureaucratic systems of procurement contribute to unacceptable contract delays, increased costs, the potential for manipulation of contract awards and lack of fair competition, all of which create the perception in the population at large, that public expenditure is slow, ineffective, expensive and often corrupt (Baily et al 2004). It is also clear that poor performance in the Department sometimes is caused by lack of supervisory and lack of transparency. 6. RESEARCH DESIGN The study will be conducted in the Department of Agriculture in Vhembe District in the Limpopo Province. The Department of Agriculture has two categories under procurement section namely; for the orders which are more than R30000.00 and for the orders which are less than R30000.00 for purchases of all goods and services. At least 25% of all orders for over 2 financial years will be randomly selected to assess the turn-around time in order to dete rmine the performance in procurement section against the Departmental service standards in Vhembe District. Vhembe District has got small number of employees under procurement section total number is 14. 25% of 14 employees will be randomly selected for participating in interview. Simple descriptive statistics will be used to describe performance of Procurement section in Vhembe District. Qualitative Research will be used as it is all about exploring issues, understanding phenomena, and answering questions where Procurement for Department of Agriculture in Limpopo Province in its pursuit. Questionnaires will be used to collect data; the questions will include personal information, gender, age, causes of poor performance, status in procurement section, etc. In this study simple descriptive statistics frequencies tables, etc. will be employed to analyse the data. 7. ETHICS STATEMENT The procurement officials will participate voluntarily. Their names will not be identified in any of the reports. 8. CHAPTER OUTLINE Chapter 1 Introduction and Background The chapter will be presenting researched problem and its objectives and how the researcher analyse the study as a whole. Chapter 2 Literature Review In this chapter the researcher compares the different writers who researched about the same topic the researcher is busy with, and the overall of both writers should be combined for the final recommendations. Chapter 3 Research Methodology In this chapter the researcher will be discussing on how to improve good quality performance in procurement section or how to alleviate non-performance in procurement section Vhembe District. Chapter 4 Results and Findings. The results and findings of the study will be analysed and evaluated, final results will be sent to the Department of Agriculture Vhembe District.. Chapter 5 Recommendations. The recommendations will be discussed from the study and sent to relevant stakeholder which is Limpopo Department of Agriculture. 9. TIME-L INE Activities Weeks Month Year Desktop studies and design Questionnaires Week 02-4th Jan 2014 Make appointments with procurement officers Week 5 Jan 2014 Check orders Week 2-3 February 2014 Data Collection Week 4-2 Feb-March 2014 Data Analysis Week 3-4 March 2014 Begin write report Week 1-2 April 2014 Complete write report Week 3-4 April 2014 Submit report for editing Week 1-3 May 2014 Finalise Report Week 4-5 May 2014 Submit report Week 2 June 2014 10. BUDGET ITEM Activity Amount Responsibility Enumerator Data collection /interviewing administrators R 800.00 Researcher* Editing Editing proposal by professional editor R1000.00 Editor Data Capturer Capturing data R 1000.00 Researcher Stationery Printing questionnaires R 700.00 Researcher Telephone Communications R 900.00 Researcher Transport Petrol R 1000.00 Researcher Computer Programmes Data analysis R 2500.00 Researcher Total R 7 ,900.00 *The researcher will be responsible for all the expenses of the study. 11. PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPH CESA 2010-2013 Government Poor Procurement Performance Hinders Job Creation. [https://www.cesa.co.za/node/201 Date of access: 20 December 2013 [SIGM]Support for Improvement in Governance and Management.[ Public Procurement] Brief 21 Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management 1 2012 John Karanja Ngugi and Hildah W. Mugo: Internal factors affecting procurement process of supplies in the public sector; a survey of Kenya Government Ministries (Brief 2314) 12. FEASIBILITY The study will be feasible as the employer gave the researcher permission to conduct research within the government premises. The study will also include employees and they are willing to cooperate in this research. The resources to conduct this research are available, like motor car, funds for petrol and communications. The study will be completed within the time framed by Southern Business School. Page 1

Introduction to Motivation - 16686 Words

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Advise the UK government on which primary energy resources would be best to develop over the next 20 years Free Essays

string(65) " and well established it has many negative implications with it\." Energy is a fundamental part of our lives; however, can we continue to rely on fossil fuels? By 2030 global energy demand will be 40% higher and there are also growing concerns over increased greenhouse gas emissions and the resultant warming of our planet which causes us to ask questions about whether our current energy supply is truly sustainable. The UK is running out of energy, without massive investment in new power plants there will be regular black outs in 10 years. There are several factors to consider when evaluating different primary energy resources; these include economic, environmental, political and social implications. We will write a custom essay sample on Advise the UK government on which primary energy resources would be best to develop over the next 20 years or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the most important factors to consider would be economic viability (which is particularly significant due to the UK’s current economic situation) and environmental sustainability. In this essay I will be looking at these factors in order to try and come up with the most sensible solution to the growing energy problem in our country and therefore what primary energy resource should be developed to solve it. Government Regulation on Media in America iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/government-regulation-on-media-in-america/embed/#?secret=J94MS6wiLG" data-secret="J94MS6wiLG" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Government Regulation on Media in America#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Natural Gas Natural gas is a major source of electricity generation through the use of gas turbines and steam turbines. It burns more cleanly than other hydrocarbon fuels, such as oil and coal, and it also produces less carbon dioxide. For an equivalent amount of heat, burning natural gas produces about 30% less carbon dioxide than burning petroleum and about 45% less than burning coal. Gas from the North Sea has provided Britain with a regular supply since the mid 1960s when the first discoveries were made. However, UK supplies from the North peaked in 1999, since when production has fallen by around half (see graph to the right). The trade secretary says that the UK is now a net importer of gas – this growing dependence on imports means increasing vulnerability to rising prices and instability in gas-producing regions. Also the CO2 emissions are still significant so you can’t consider this energy resource as completely ‘clean’. Gas fracking in the UK is a very contro versial issue, especially after the recent earthquakes at test drilling sites near Blackpool. Coal 33% of our current energy sources come from coal; it is well established, cheap and reliable. However economically viable UK coal will run out in 10-15 years and is already expensive to mine. Half the coal used in the UK is now imported. The huge environmental implications involved with coal also remain to be a concern – there are high emissions of CO2 and SO2 (which causes acid rain.) Earlier this year the government invested  £1 billion in cleaner technologies, in particular carbon capture technologies which prevent CO2 from escaping into the atmosphere. â€Å"The potential rewards from carbon capture and storage are immense: a technology that can de-carbonise coal and gas-fired power stations and large industrial emitters, allowing them to play a crucial part in the UK’s low carbon future† says Ed Davey, Energy and Climate Change Secretary. However this still remains to be a controversial strategy as some say that carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is in its infancy and does not work yet. Nuclear Power Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity – it provides about 20% of the UK’s energy, utilising 16 operational nuclear reactors at nine plants. Nuclear power is the primary source of electric power in France; 76% of France’s electricity comes from nuclear power, the highest percentage in the world. France’s nuclear power industry has been called â€Å"a success story† that has put the nation â€Å"ahead of the world† in terms of providing cheap, CO2-free energy. The main positive environmental implication is that it creates minimal CO2 emissions after construction and therefore it isn’t contributing to global warming however this shouldn’t indicate that it is environmentally friendly; there are high levels of radioactive waste involved and the Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) incidents raise concern over nuclear disasters. After the 2011 Fukushima incident, the head of France’s nuclear safety agency said that France needs to upgrade the protection of vital functions in all its nuclear reactors to avoid a disaster in the event of a natural calamity, which will inevitably increase the cost of electricity. There are further negative economic implications as there are high costs of building and decommissioning reactors. Planning and building a power station takes at least 10 years so this will not help meet Kyoto agreements. However a positive economic implication is that Nuclear energy is not as vulnerable to fuel prices fluctuations as oil and gas. There are several pros and cons to nuclear power which makes it a controversial matter; all of the above points would have to be considered if this resource would be developed over the next 20 years. Hydropower This is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity consumption but just over 2% of the UK’s current consumption. Natural flow hydro is reliant on rainfall and vulnerable to drought which is ideal for the UK. There are no CO2 emissions involved and no vulnerability to fuel prices or political instability and is very cheap once the dam has been built. In theory this sounds like the ideal option for the UK to develop over the next 20 years however in practice there are several negative implications involved. For instance, hydropower projects on mega dams in China have caused species extinction and serious water pollution issues. The three gorges dam in China has had many negative impacts; huge areas of land has been flooded resulting in a large scale relocation of people, villages etc. This case study indicates that a large scale hydropower system within the UK would not be completely sustainable. The Three Gorges Dam Oil Oil only accounts for 1.2% of the UK’s energy consumption and although it is a reliable technology and well established it has many negative implications with it. You read "Advise the UK government on which primary energy resources would be best to develop over the next 20 years" in category "Papers" It is a finite stock resource – many oilfields are depleting; meaning production has peaked and prices will rise (price instability). This has also led to searching for unconventional reserves of oil e.g. in the Arctic. There could be 16 billion barrels of oil in Alaska and big oil TNCs are keen to extract it from this fragile wilderness which causes many harsh environmental impacts. The oil industry has a large dependence on politically unstable regions which causes many problems; the recent Arab spring conflict in Libya meant there were no exports of oil from this major producer. As well as creating a lot of CO2 emissions which contributes to global warming a major enviro nmental implication is oil spills; the deep water horizon oil spill disaster caused extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats and to the Gulfs fishing and tourism industry. Biofuels Biofuels are crops or organic matter such as agricultural wastes which can be used as fuels. They are defined as renewable because they are based upon plants which have trapped the sun’s energy during photosynthesis and converted it into chemical energy. In the UK it accounts for 0.6% of energy consumption – there are only a few facilities burning Biofuels such as waste wood products and straw that are already operating. Energy crops could be grown in the UK, but some will not be cost effective unless yields improve. These energy costs are considered to be carbon neutral because carbon released when crops are burned is balanced by carbon absorbed from the atmosphere during growth. One of the main issues concerned with Biofuels is that it uses up a lot of land which could be used for other things such as growing crops – there is a link between the spread of Biofuels across the world and rising food prices. Brazil is considered to have the world’s first sustainable Biofuels economy and is the Biofuel industry leader; the UK could learn a lot from Brazil’s 37-year-old ethanol fuel program which is based on the most efficient agricultural technology for sugarcane cultivation in the world. This program has led to there no longer being any light vehicles in Brazil running on pure gasoline which has huge environmental benefits. However, again Biofuels cannot be considered completely environmentally friendly as you need to take into account the direct and indirect effect of land use changes; Brazil and other developing countries convert land in undisturbed ecosystems, such as rainforests, savannas, or grasslands to Biofuel production. Some experts call bioethanol â€Å"deforestation diesel†. Wind Wind is a key renewable resource that is not vulnerable to fuel price fluctuations. Turbines are emission free and quick to build, with the costs of building them decreasing. The UK is very suited to wind farms – some say that the UK has the best wind resources in Europe. The UK is ranked as the world’s eighth largest producer of wind power; at the beginning of March 2012 the installed capacity of wind power in the United Kingdom was 6,580 megawatts with 333 operational wind farms and 3,506 wind turbines. However, even though it is a leading producer, wind power only accounts for 0.5% of our energy consumption therefore there is a large amount of room for development. There are several issues with this source of energy to be considered; it uses up a lot of land which inevitably leads to NIMBYISM issues – there is local opposition and concerns about the noise pollution and the impact on the landscape. This energy source is also intermittent as wind levels fluctuat e. Solar Solar is also a key free and renewable energy source. It can generate electricity from photovoltaic cells, be used to heat water directly, or be maximised by good building design. Spain is one of the most advanced countries in the development of solar energy however it is one of the European countries with the most hours of sunshine. This suggests that this source of energy would not be right for the UK as the UK sunshine is unreliable and limited. Solar power is also confined to daylight hours unless photovoltaic cells are used to store power in batteries. The solar power industry within the UK is developing however the potential may not be big enough for it to be developed further in the UK in my opinion. Wave and Tidal This has large potential in some parts of the UK and is a key renewable resource. However there are large development costs and it is still in the research stage with technology not being completely developed yet. There are also environmental issues involved with wave and tidal power; the barrier will act as a physical barrier to fish movements to spawning grounds etc. The wave and tidal barriers will also detract from the visual beauty of the coastline. Conclusion In this essay I have evaluated the pros and cons of several forms of primary energy which have the potential to be developed within the UK over the next 20 years. I have considered the environmental, political, social and economic implications of each in order to try and come up with the most sustainable option for the UK’s future. Forms of renewable energy seem to be the most obvious choice to be developed in the UK with the ever increasing concerns over global warming and climate change. The environmental impacts involved with using natural gas, coal, nuclear energy and oil all seem to be too big for them to be considered. The political impacts concerned with oil in particular is a strong indication of an energy resource that should be avoided by the UK; oil is already making a small and declining contribution to electricity generation in our country. With the focus being, in my opinion, on renewable energy it leaves the controversial decision over what particular primary energy source should be developed. At first glance, maximising the potential of hydropower seems to be the most sensible option as this is already having the largest contribution to our energy consumption out of all the renewables. However, much of the UK’s hydropower potential has already been exploited with large scale future development unlikely. I also believe that solar power isn’t the right renewable energy to go for as the UK’s climate is simply not suitable enough for it to have a large impact on our growing energy consumption. Wave and tidal energy does however have large potential in the UK however I am worried that due to its early stage in development it would need massive investment for it to reach its potential; this I believe would not be economically viable in the UK considering our current economic climate. This leaves me with wind power. I believe that this should be the energy resource that should be further developed over the next 20 years for several reasons; it is currently the fastest growing renewable in the UK and there is already heavy government backing to support it. There are little environmental impacts to be considered and with costs falling it is also economically viable. NIMBYISM objections can also be solved with the development of off-shore wind farms further out to sea, for example the world’s biggest offshore wind farm off Kent with the 100 turbines being expected to generate enough electricity to power 200,000 homes. The success of this particular development will in my opinion become a catalyst for further development of more wind farms in the UK and will hopefully help solve the growing energy problem in our country. How to cite Advise the UK government on which primary energy resources would be best to develop over the next 20 years, Papers

Organizational Behavior for Contextual Performance- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behavior for Contextual Performance. Answer: Introduction Employees are being considered as one of the important stakeholders for the contemporary business organizations. This is due to the reason that, the individual skills and expertise being possessed by the employees helps the business organizations in gaining competitive advantages in the market (Gallie et al., 2012). In accordance to it, it is also important for the organizations to initiate various initiatives in order to enhance the effectiveness of the employees along with maintaining the productivity. Organizations will gain various positive outcomes by effectively managing their employees. However, there are various challenges also that may be faced by the managers in the organizations in managing the employee behavior (Yao et al., 2014). This essay will discuss about the potential barriers being faced by the organizations in managing the employee behavior. Moreover, the implication of the employee behavior in the organizational performance will also be discussed in this report. Accordingly recommendations will be discussed, which will help to prevent and overcome the challenges being faced by the organizations. Impact of employee behavior on the organizational performance Impact of positive employee behavior As earlier discussed, there are various positive as well as negative implications of the employee behavior on the organizational performance (Sliter, Sliter and Jex, 2012). One of the key positive impacts of the employee behavior is the enhancement in the level of satisfaction of the customers. This is due to the reason that attitudes of the employees are also being included in employee behavior. Thus, in the case of having positive and favorable attitude of the employees, the customers will have positive impression about the organization. Thus, it will eventually increase the rate of customer loyalty and will generate positive word of mouth in the market (Jahanshani et al., 2014). The more positive will be the employee behavior, the more will be the effectiveness of the organizational culture due to the reason that, positive behavior of the employees will help to maintain the effective working environment in the organization (Alvesson 2012). The positive behavior of one employee will motivate others in maintaining the same and thus it will eventually enhance the organizational effectiveness and culture. This will in turn helps in enhancing the employee productivity due to the fact that the productivity of the employees will get more effective with having positive working environment. Another strategy that will have positive impact on the organizational performance is the relation between the employees and upper level management (Chen Fu 2013). This is due to the reason that employees with positive behavior will try to have good relation with the upper level management and thus it will in turn help to maintain the mutual understanding and cooperation between t he employees and the upper level management. The more understanding will be there among the internal stakeholders, the more will organizational effectiveness and performance. Moreover, another key impact of having positive employee behavior in the organizational performance is the effective managerial controls of the upper level management. This is due to the fact that, positive employee behavior will help the leadership in effectively communicating their vision to the employees (Kerzner, 2013). Due to the reason that positive employee behavior will help in enhancing the mutual understanding among the employees and the upper level managers, the communication will be more effective. Thus, the managerial control of the upper level managers will also be more effective. Impact of negative employee behavior However, apart from the positive employees behavior, the implications can also be negative for the organization due to the emergence of the negative employee behavior. One of the key implications of negative employee behavior is the reduction in the satisfaction level of the employees. Customers will be dissatisfied if the attitude and personality of the employees are negative and they are not been offered effective service (Osarenkhoe Komunda, 2013). Thus, the reputation and goodwill of the organization will be at stake. Moreover due to the negative employee behavior, the relation between the internals stakeholders will be negative, which will have unfavorable impact on the organizational performance. Due to the negative relationship between the employees and the upper level management, the working environment will also not be favorable for the employees. More issues related employees will start to emerge. Challenges in managing the employee behavior One of the challenges being faced by the managers in managing the employee behavior is the cultural diversity. If the cultural and social background of the employees and the managers is different, then it will be difficult for the managers to deal with the employees effectively (Laroche, 2012). This is due to the reason that, the attitude, approaches and opinions being given by the managers will be from the perspective from their own cultural and social background. However, the employees belonging from different cultural background may find it difficult or unacceptable. Thus, managers will face the challenge of managing the employee behavior from the different social background. Unionizing employees is another key challenge for the managers in managing the employee behavior. This is due to the fact that, the more unionized will be the employees, the more will be their bargaining power in the organizational decision making proce4ss. Though, it is good to have the trade unions for the employees for their organizational right, however after a certain extent, they may pose challenge for the employees (Gumbrell-McCornick Hyman, 2013). Employees with having more union power will show negative attitude in the organization and it will be difficult for the managers to control these employees. In the current business scenario, a major part of the employees are in their beginning of the professional career. Thus, they are more motivated in changing their job more frequently compared to enhancing their organizational citizenship (Borman, 2014). Thus, it becomes challenge for the managers to manage these types of employees. This is due to the reason that, these employees works in the organization on a temporary basis and thus managers find it difficult to train the employees according to the organizational culture more frequently. Diversity in the requirement of the employees also poses challenge for the managers. Various employees in the organization will have diversified requirement and expectation from the organization and it becomes difficult for the managers to fulfill all the requirements of the employees (Ji et al., 2012). Moreover, the requirements which should be fulfilled in order to motivate the employees are also variable based on the individual employees. Thus, it is also difficult for the managers to meet the diversified employee requirements. Managers also face challenges in train the employees in having suitable employee behavior according to the current market trend and requirement. In the contemporary business scenario, taste and preference pattern of the customers change rapidly and thus it is difficult for managers to train their employees accordingly. Recommendations to overcome the challenges Rewarding employees is one of the most effective strategies to overcome the challenges being faced by the managers in managing the employee behavior. Rewarding and recognizing the activities of the employees will help to motivate them. This will in turn help the managers to have positive impression among the employees and enhancing the positive behavior among them. rewarding and motivating the employees will also help to reduce the issues with the employees due to the fact they will be satisfied with their workplace if their job are being recognized and properly rewarded. Garnering feedback from the employees and initiation of employee management system will also help the managers to overcome the challenges being faced by them. Garnering of the feedback from the employees will enable the managers to determine the requirement, mentality and expectation of the employees. Thus, accordingly, they can manage their employees. Moreover, initiation of the employee management systems also helps the manager in effectively managing the employee behavior. Providence of effective and proper training to the employees will also the managers in train the employees in accordance to the organizational procedures. If the training can be given to the employees according to the current trend and preference pattern in the market, then the employees will more equipped to cater to the market and business requirement. Thus, the origination of the issues with the employees will also be less. Initiation of various schemes related to the employee welfare will help the manager to have motivated employees in the organization. This is due to the fact that, initiation of the employee welfare policies will have positive impression among the employees, which will enhance the level of motivation on the employees. Thus, the more motivated will be the employees, the more will be their effectiveness and productivity. Moreover, with having the motivated employees, manager will less likely face the issues with the employees. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that in managing the employee behavior, there are several challenges to be faced by the managers in the organizations. However, there are various measures are also available with them to overcome the challenges. These measures are being discussed in this essay and effective implementation of these recommended steps will help the manager to overcome the challenges and enhance the effectiveness of the employees. Various positive and negative implications are also being discussed in this essay. Thus, the prime motive of the managers should be to increase the positive impact of the employee behavior. Reference Alvesson, M. (2012).Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Borman, W. C. (2014).Organizational citizenship behavior and contextual performance: A special issue of human performance. Psychology Press. Cheng, J. H., Fu, Y. C. (2013). Inter-organizational relationships and knowledge sharing through the relationship and institutional orientations in supply chains.International Journal of Information Management,33(3), 473-484. Gallie, D., Zhou, Y., Felstead, A., Green, F. (2012). Teamwork, skill development and employee welfare.British Journal of Industrial Relations,50(1), 23-46. Gumbrell-McCormick, R., Hyman, R. (2013).Trade unions in Western Europe: hard times, hard choices. Oxford University Press. Jahanshani, A. A., Hajizadeh, G. M. A., Mirdhamadi, S. A., Nawaser, K., Khaksar, S. M. S. (2014). Study the effects of customer service and product quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Ji, L., Huang, J., Liu, Z., Zhu, H., Cai, Z. (2012). The effects of employee training on the relationship between environmental attitude and firms' performance in sustainable development.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(14), 2995-3008. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Laroche, L. (2012).Managing cultural diversity in technical professions. Osarenkhoe, A., Komunda, M. B. (2013). Redress for customer dissatisfaction and its impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,7(2), 102. Sliter, M., Sliter, K., Jex, S. (2012). The employee as a punching bag: The effect of multiple sources of incivility on employee withdrawal behavior and sales performance.Journal of Organizational Behavior,33(1), 121-139. Yao, Y. H., Fan, Y. Y., Guo, Y. X., Li, Y. (2014). Leadership, work stress and employee behavior.Chinese Management Studies,8(1), 109-126.

India and China Emerging Powers of 21st Century Essay Example

India and China: Emerging Powers of 21st Century Essay Course M. Sc International Business Research Topic: India and China: Emerging powers of 21st century Objectives In order to analyse and evaluate Indian and Chinese economies, which makes them the most emerging and powerful nations, the following will be the fundamental objectives of the study.To understand the economic strategies adopted by both the nations to accelerate economic growth * To evaluate various market trends and special characteristics of both the economies * Analyse performance of both the countries on the basis of FDI and International Trade * Identify the factors which influence, attract and affect other nations *

Semiotics Definition and Examples

Semiotics Definition and Examples Semiotics is the theory and study of signs and symbols, especially as elements of language or other systems of communication. Common examples of semiotics include traffic signs, emojis, and emoticons used in electronic communication, and logos and brands used by international corporations to sell us things- brand loyalty, they call it. Semiotics Takeaways Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols, in particular as they communicate things spoken and unspoken.Common signs that are understood globally include traffic signs, emojis, and corporate logos.Written and spoken language is full of semiotics in the form of intertextuality, puns, metaphors, and references to cultural commonalities. Signs are all around us. Consider a set of paired faucets in a bathroom or kitchen. The left side is almost certainly the hot water tap, the right is the cold. Many years ago, all taps had letters designating the temperature of the water- in English, H for hot and C for cold; in Spanish, C for hot (caliente) and F for cold (frio). Modern taps often have no letter designations or are included in one tap, but even with a single tap, the semiotic content of faucets still tells us to tilt or turn left for hot water and right for cold. The information about how to avoid being burned is a sign. Practice and History A person who studies or practices semiotics is a semiotician.  Many terms and concepts used by contemporary semioticians were introduced by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913). Saussure defined a  sign as any motion, gesture, image, pattern, or event that conveys meaning. He defined langue as the structure or grammar of a language and parole as the choices made by the speaker to communicate that information. Semiotics is a key study into the evolution of human consciousness. English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704) tied the advancement of intelligence to three steps: understanding the nature of things, understanding what to do to achieve whatever you wish to achieve, and the ability to communicate these things to another. Language began with signs. In Lockes terminology, signs are dyadic- that is, a sign is tied to a specific meaning. Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) said that signs work only if there is an intelligence capable of learning from experience. Peirces conception of semiotics was triadic: sign, meaning, and interpreter. Modern semioticians look at the entire network of signs and symbols around us that mean different things in different contexts, even signs or symbols that are sounds. Think of what an ambulance siren communicates when you are driving: Someone is endangered and we are in a hurry to help. Pull over to the side of the road and let us drive by. Textual Signs Intertextuality is a type of subtle communication in that what we write or say often is recollecting something shared between us. For example, if you mimic James Earl Jones deep baritone saying Luke, you can transmit a raft of Star Wars images and sounds and meanings. Knowing the semiotics you are, Grasshopper, is a reference both to Master Yoda and to Master Po in the 1970s Kung Fu television series. In fact, you could argue that Yoda was a semiotic reference to Master Po. Metaphors can act as meaningful stand-ins to people who are familiar with the culture: He was a rock to me in my hour of need and That coffee is hotter than Hades are intertextual references to the Judeo-Christian Bible, and theyre so common that it doesnt matter whether youve read the Bible. Metonyms can, too: The Smoke is a metonym for London, a reference to its once-prevalent smog, which still means London even if the smog is less prevalent. Writing William Shakespeares and Lewis Carrolls writings are full of puns and cultural references, some of which, sadly, are no longer meaningful to modern speakers. The master of intertextuality was the Irish writer James Joyce, whose books such as Ulysses are so dense with snippets of different and invented languages and cultural references that the modern reader needs hypertexts- live weblinks- to get them all: Stephen closed his eyes to hear his boots crush crackling wrack and shells. You are walking through it howsomever. I am, a stride at a time. A very short space of time through very short times of space. Five, six: the nacheinander. Exactly: and that is the ineluctable modality of the audible. A hypertext supports semiotic understanding. We know what a hypertext means: Here youll find a definition of this term or this phrase. Nonverbal Communication Many ways that we communicate with one another are nonverbal. A shrug, a roll of the eyes, a wave of the hand, these and thousands of other subtle and unsubtle body language memes communicate information to another person. Vocalics is a type of nonverbal communication embedded into speech: the pitch, tone, rate, volume, and timbre of spoken language communicate  additional information about the underlying meaning of a group of words. Personal space is also a form of semiotics that is specific to a culture. A person approaching too close to you in Western culture might seem a hostile incursion, but in other cultures personal space dimensions are different. Simply touching someone can calm an angry or sad person, or enrage or offend them, depending on the context. Sources Chandler, Daniel. Semiotics: The Basics.Klarer,  Mario. An Introduction to Literary Studies.Lewis,  Michael. The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. Craig, Robert T. Communication Theory as a Field  in Theorizing Communication: Readings Across Traditions.

Administrative and Constitutional Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Administrative and Constitutional Law - Essay Example It is one of the most important components of the UK constitution. Generally, UK is known to have unwritten constitution like in USA and Germany. However, much of the law passed in parliament are always in writing. This type of law is known as statue law. The principle or policy of UK’s parliamentary sovereignty is frequently presented to be a unique legal arrangement with no parallels in the comparative constitutional law. 2Parliamentary sovereignty gives unconditional authority to the Westminster parliament. Thus, it seems to rule out the comparison between the US Congress or the German Bundestag, whose authorities are limited by their constitutions and the Westminster parliament. Therefore, it is seen as unique and a product of the unwritten constitution. Constitutions are very important in countries organisation and development. They organise, regulate and distribute the state power. Constitutions set out most of the state institutions, the state’s structure and the principles that govern their relations with the citizens and the other states. In Britain, the constitution differs with other countries3. For instance, most countries have well written constitutions while Britain has accumulation of conventions, treaties, statues and judicial decisions, which collectively makes the British Constitutions. Therefore, the constitution is more of â€Å"uncodified† than â€Å"unwritten.† Parliamentary sovereignty is mostly considered as a defining principle of British constitution4. It is the final principle that makes and can abolish any law. Other major principles in the British constitution include legislative and judicial branches, rule of law, and separation of government into executive and the presence of a unitary state. Some of the principles are mythical or in doubt. The uncodified British constitution therefore has two main problems. For instance, it makes it hard to know the state of the constitution. Secondly, it is makes it s impler to make changes in the UK’s Constitution than in other countries. 5The flexibility of the constitution resulted into a number of reforms since 1997. The reforms include devolution to Wales, North Ireland and Scotland, elimination of most of the heritable peers in the House of Lords, and the introduction of individuals’ codified rights in 1998 Human Rights Act. The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty was demonstrated in the case Jackson and others (appellants) v. Her Majesty's Attorney General where the plaintiffs challenged the validity of the Hunting Act 2004, which criminalised hunting of wild animals with dogs6. This Act was enacted pursuant to section 2 of the parliament Act 1911. Both the Divisional Court and the Court of Appeal dismissed the issue regarding the validity of Hunting Act 2004 because it was not an Act of the parliament. Various developments affect parliamentary sovereignty. Parliament has been passing laws that limit parliamentary sovereign ty application7. The laws mainly reflect the political growth in and outside UK. The laws include The Human Rights Act 1998, the entry of UK to the European Union in 1972. The developments however, do not undermine parliamentary sovereignty because the parliament could abolish each law implementing the changes8. 2. The limits that the Human Rights Act place on the public bodies and Parliament? Human Rights Act 1998 is also referred to as the Act of the HRA. It came into existence in the United Kingdom in 2000. It mainly consists of a channel of parts that consists of effects that codify safety in the European Convention on Human Rights in the law of UK. The public bodies such as the police, hospitals, publicly funded

Music in Japanese Animation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Music in Japanese Animation - Essay Example The beginning of Anim of Japanese animation dates back to the early years of the 20th century. Patten (2004) mentions that the earliest Japanese animation was inspired by the pioneer animators of France, Germany and the United States. Anim during that period was basically an approach by Japanese filmmakers to experiment with the animation techniques. The first known anim was screened in 1917, which was a two minute clip of a samurai trying his new sword on a target only to face defeat. It is only in the 1930s that animation has successfully become an alternative from of story-telling in Japan. The reason for its lagging behind the European and American film industries is the small market size of Japanese live-action industry suffering from budgeting and other restrictions. Shooting films set on European or American backdrop was almost next to impossible for Japan due to lack of finance as well as absence of a fantasy world in Japan. In other words, the scope was really limited for Ja panese film industry.

Young Goodman Brown - Comapare it to a story in your own personal life Essay - 1

Young Goodman Brown - Comapare it to a story in your own personal life or a friends and have a moral at the end - Essay Example Faith merely symbolizes hope in the story. She represents love, as in the love between man and woman, and also the love, faith and devotion he has in God. In essence, by leaving Faith in the beginning of the story, he leaves his faith in God and good. Faith as introduced in the beginning of the story as the devoted wife who warns her husband to stay with her because of a dream that she has.  Without Faith, Goodman Brown might have no faith at all; he depends on her. Goodman Brown counts on Faith to convert him after his chore with the devil. When Goodman Brown ultimately meets with the Devil, he states that the reason he delays himself because Faith kept him back for awhile. Where he then realized that the incident with his wife prohibited him from being on time for his gathering with the devil, but his faith towards God furthers the reason for delaying his meeting. I remembered one of my friends told me that faith highlights numerous conflicts. Lives have gone astray and wars fought over the central that one’s belief exceeds the other. Tim, my friend would ask his friends or companions questions like this all the time. He would ask if we believed in heaven, hell, God, or anything. Tim went to church every Sunday as a boy, so he assumed the answer was yes. Sometime we would sit down and really gave it some contemplation. But deep down inside us we knew the faith was not there. Tim grew up going to this small church in the suburbs where he previously lived. Their church, according to him, had a totality of maybe about two hundred people. Most people who came to church, he says, all over fifty years old. His dad was well-known in the choir, so creeping out of the church wasn’t all that hard. Tim together with his friends would always go behind the church and play. Because they thought that listening to the oldies make them bored. Tim then has come to determine that most people inside the church aren’t really sure of what they believe. They

PESTEL Analysis of China and the UAE

PESTEL Analysis of China and the UAE UAE Economy Introduction The economic development of the UAE and China make these developing nations excellent choices for overseas expansion, globalization and foreign direct investment (FDI). Globalization of developing nations strengthens their economies and global distribution channels. The UAE is now considered one of the wealthiest and fastest developing nations worldwide. China is fast becoming an economic leader and manufacturer in the world, famous for its cheap labor factory workers. The UAE’s wealthy economy has been increasing at a rapid pace due to its real estate boom attracting huge FDI. China has eliminated many of its trade barriers and now has an open free trade economy that appeals to many global nations seeking new target markets and consumers for their products. Both the UAE and China are quickly becoming significant growth economies that attract global FDI from countries all over the world wanting to expand and find new import/export partners for their goods. UAE PEST Analysis (P)olitical The UAE Government is made up of a Federation of the seven Emirates ruled by President, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, who is also the ruler of Abu Dhabi. The UAE government is very supportive of their free trade open society and encourages FDI and globalization. The court system is still being established since its rulings are not always enforceable due to the large foreign population. The legal regulations are similar to the western world and becoming stricter each year (Ahmed, 2007, 1-2). (E)conomic The UAE population consists of three million people and 60% of them are in the workforce. The UAE population growth rate is currently 9.4%, with only 13% of UAE Nationals making up the workforce and 87% foreigner expatriates taking over the Emirates market. With such a large expatriate workforce (87%) entering UAE due to the real estate development and investments in the region. The UAE GDP increased by 15% to 450 billion dirhams in 2007, and the economy grew even faster at a pace of 16.7%. Its GDP real growth rate is 10%, and it shows $99 billion in oil revenues, and $121 billion in non-oil revenues. The UAE exports equal $48 billion with partners in Korea, Singapore, India, Thailand and Japan. The oil and gas exports equal $75 billion. The UAE imports equal $30 billion of manufactured goods, transportation equipment, animals and food products from the UK, USA, Europe and Japan. The primary language is English, however, Arabic, Farsi, Hindi, Urdu, Chinese, Tonga and Russian are also common. The dominant religion in the country is Islam, however, there are also many Christians in the nation. The minorities include the local UAE Nationals, Russians, Chinese and westerners, while Indians are the dominant nationality. The minorities’ religious rights are respected by the majority. It is a very multicultural society and Hofesteds cultural dimensions framework can be used to describe the culture of the country. UAE is showing high economic growth that is attracting new foreign investors, which helps to generate more revenues and demand for the real estate sector (20%) (Ahmed, 20 07, 1-3). The level of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the economy is very high, with the majority of it going into real estate development and trade. The primary suppliers of FDI to the country include Europe, the USA, UK and Russia. Globalization has greatly improved the situation in UAE by bringing in thousands of products, services and workers from all over the world which has helped to develop the economy worldwide. The UAE legal system is honest and fair for local citizens. Foreign firms operating in the country do not face any political risk. The UAE belongs to the GCC regional trade bloc and has been a member of the WTO, World Bank and the IMF for almost seven years. The country’s huge wealth has resulted in not needing to borrow funds from the World Bank or the IMF. The UAE has experienced a balance of payments trade surplus in the past year of over 100 billion dirhams, due to the construction and real estate markets. Its official reserves account has increased by over 50 bi llion in the past year. The countrys currency is called dirhams and its value relative to the dollar is 3.67, and 3.98 to the euro. The currencys value has increased a bit in the past five years relative to the dollar and the euro because it is relying on a fixed exchange rate policy. The has no trade barriers to imported goods because they are encouraging all products to be imported and exported from the UAE since it re-exports 75% of its imports for profit (Ahmed, 2007, 1-3). (S)ociocultural UAE citizens have a very high standard of living, western lifestyle, and their financial positions have continuously increased over time. This has allowed for a very materialistic high society with lots of money to purchase houses, cars and other material items. The society is open and free with all types of hotels, restaurants, tourism, recreational activities and sports. The multicultural nature of the country allows for many foreigners to go there to work in well-paying positions. An overall country analysis shows the future trends of development and expansion that the UAE is undergoing will lead to an estimated 4.8 million people living there by the year 2010 (Cateora, 2007, 68). (T)echnological The UAE region is composed of a large population of very young professionals who are extremely technologically-knowledgeable. The IT industry relates to the tourism, hotel, computer and IT service sectors. The number of Internet users in the GCC region has increased ten-fold since 1998. The Internet and IT software solutions industries in the Gulf region have doubled the rate of Europe. Estimates of personal computer sales in the GCC show about 12% growth in the quantity of units sold by 2003, compared to the global growth of 8%. The UAE has the most satellite, Internet and mobile phone users in the Middle East (Cateora, 2007, 68-69). China External Environmental Analysis: Pest Analysis (P)olitical The People’s Republic of China’s current political system is Communism, with the capital city being Beijing. There are 23 different provinces (including Taiwan) and five separate regions in China. Their independence day was 221 BC under the Ch’in Dynasty, January 1, 1912 under the Manchu Dynasty, and October 1, 1949 when the People’s Republic was formed, which is their national holiday. The Chinese constitution was created on December 4, 1982, and their legal system involves a very complicated set of cultural statutes and customs for criminal law. The government is trying to upgrade the commercial laws to adapt to the new needs required due to an increase in foreign trade (Forsyth, 2004, 35-38). (E)conomic China’s population is 1.3 billion people, 22.3% aged 0-14, 70.3% aged 15-64, and 7.5 aged 65 and over. China’s GDP is $6.449 trillion, with the GDP real growth rate at 9.1%, and GDP per capita at $5,000. The GDP by sector is 14.8% for agriculture, 52.9% for industry, and 32.2% for services. Investments make up 43.4% of the GDP in China. However, the Chinese population has 10% of its people living in poverty, with the lowest 10% equaling 2.4% of the household income, and the highest 10% equaling 30.4%. The inflation rate is 1.2%, labor force 778.1 million, unemployment rate 101%, and budget for revenues at $265.8 billion, with expenditures at $300.2 billion. The labor force includes 50% in agriculture, 22% in industry, and 28% in services. Over 75% of all toys sold in the US are made in China and it controls almost 25% of the globe’s foreign currency reserves. As for per capita income, China has 6% growth (Fouquin, 1998, 105-108). Agriculture and industry are the major markets in China, especially in larger cities like Hong Kong and Shangai, where there is a lot of foreign investment. The public debt is 30.1% of the GDP. The agriculture products are wheat, rice, peanuts, tea, potatoes, cotton, barley, fish and pork. The industries include coal, textiles and apparel, iron and steel, automobiles, telecommunications, electronics, cement, chemical fertilizers, petroleum, and food processing. The industrial growth rate is 30.4%, with $436.1 billion in exports, and $397.4 billion in imports. Their current export partners include 21.1% USA, 17.4% Hong Kong, 13.6% Japan, 4.6% South Korea, and 4% Germany. Their import partners include 18% Japan, 11.9% Taiwan, 10.4% South Korea, 8.2% USA, and 5.9% Germany. The majority of the Chinese people are not very religious and considered atheist, with only 3%-4% being Christian and 1-2% being Daoist, Muslim or Buddhist. The country is not very culturally homogenous and the majori ty of the people are Chinese. The official Chinese languages include Chinese, Mandarin and Cantonese (Yin, 2007, 1-2). FDI is beneficial to the host country because it brings in foreign business, products and services that would otherwise not be available. However, FDI can also result in small local businesses going bankrupt due to not having competitive advantages over larger companies. FDI is the key to underdeveloped nations improving their economy and strategic alliances. China’s currency is called yen, and its value relative to the US dollar is 100 to 1. Its value relative to the euro is 110 to 1. The currencys value has only changed a small amount in the past 5 years relative to the dollar and the euro? The country uses a fixed exchange rate policy. China experienced a balance of payments trade surplus in the past year of over three billion yen due to increased globalization and FDI. Its official reserves account have changed a lot in the past year, increasing by over 20 million yen. China does not yet belong to any regional trade blocs and has been a member of the WTO, World Bank and th e IMF for 10 years. The country has borrowed billions of dollars from the World Bank and the IMF in the past year, and how has huge debts totaling over 300 billion dollars. (S)ociocultural China still maintains many of its most traditional values and beliefs of Confucianism, which is taught at many schools and academies. Confucianism is a social order and almost considered their religion since most Chinese do not follow any other doctrine. The basis of Confucianism for the Chinese culture involves family organization and many values related to social life. Social harmony is a major rule to this belief, which also includes many cultural rituals and ceremonies that are thousands of years old and still practiced by the older generation today. However, many of the younger generation are less strict in their Confucianism beliefs, due to modernization of the country and influences by other cultures like America (Redinger, 2003, 1-2). (T)echnological China has 263 million main line telephones, 269 million mobile phones, 160,421 Internet hosts, and 94 million Internet users (which is good for e-commerce and online vendor ordering, shipping and tracking for Sharjah companies). China is undergoing many new technology changes, especially in their banking sector, which still concerns its leaders due to its effect on the stability of the economy. As China learns how to integrate new IT methods into its different sectors, they are still trying to upgrade the skills and knowledge of their workers to meet the technology needs (Rashtchy, 2004, 1-3). Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Hofstede’s cultural dimensions can be applied as a framework for understanding the cultural society of both the UAE and China: Power Distance: the extent to which people accept unequal distribution of power. In higher power cultures, there is a wider gap between the powerful and the powerless (both nations). Uncertainty avoidance: the extent to which the culture tolerates ambiguity and uncertainty. High uncertainty avoidance leads to low tolerance for uncertainty and to a search for absolute truths (China). Individualism: The extent to which individuals or closely-knit social structures such as the extended family (collectivism) are the basis for social systems. Individualism leads to the reliance on self and focus on individual achievement (both nations). Masculinity: The extent to which assertiveness and independence from others is valued. High masculinity leads to high sex-role differentiation, focus on independence, ambition, and material goods (UAE) (Gibson, 2003, 55-58, 303-306). Necessity for MNC CSR FDI Multinational Corporations (MNCs) have a definite duty to practice corporate social responsibility (CSR), especially during globalization into developing nations like China and the UAE. Corporations today are impelled to conduct their global business with integrity and social consciousness to improve their images with the international public. The potential benefits of FDI include helping transfer technology and skills, providing management and training of local workers, aiding in the creation of original skills in administration, marketing and other business techniques, and contributing to the growth of local entrepreneurship. FDI also improves competitive markets, provides access to international markets, contributes to tax revenues and helps input foreign exchange problems. FDI produces employment opportunities for developing nations’ citizens, and raises the rate of domestic wages (Kobrin, 1997, 7-10) (Hay, 1995, 59-63). Conclusion The UAE economy has a free trade policy which allows for all products to be globally traded to increase profitability opportunities. However, China has a strategic trade policy that allows for most products to be traded, yet restricts the main goods that the Chinese manufacturers produce from being imported to reduce global competition. Both the UAE and China are very attractive for FDI, however, for different reasons. The UAE is a famous tourist and hospitality destination, with huge profit potential as a real estate and construction investment. China is famous for its cheap manufacturing labor, raw materials and supplies. China recently opened up its trade market allowing FDI and global trade, which attracts international producers wanting new target markets. Both these nations have very appealing societies that foreign investors and MNCs are focusing on to increase their globalization potential. References Alon, I. (2003). Chinese culture, organizational behavior and international business management. London: Praeger. Brahm, L. (1996). The Business Guide to China. Singapore: Butterworth-Heinemann Asia. Brewer, J. (2004). Foreign business chiefs must learn the art of Guanxi to enter China. Industrial Correspondence. Cateora, P. (2007). International Marketing. Boston: McGraw Hill Irwin. Claasen, L. (2004). Master the culture and business in China pays off. Economy, Business Finance. Forsyth, I. (2004). China seen as a key driver of global economy. Aberneen Press and Journal. Fouquin, M. (1998). The Chinese economy. Geneva: Economica. Gibson, J. (2003). Organizations. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Griffin, R. W. and Pustay, M. W. (2006) International Business: A Managerial Perspective. London: Prentice Hall. Hay, R. (1995). Chinese-American Electronics Industry. Annual Survey. Kenna, P. (1994). Business China. Chicago: Passport Books. Kobrin, S. (1997). Foreign Direct Investment, Industrialization and Social change. MA: Jai Press. Robertson, C. (2002). The Benefits of FDI in China. Asia Monitor: China North East Monitor, Vol. 9, Issue 11. Wang, Y. (1998). Business Culture in China. Singapore: Butterworth-Heinemann Asia. Gopal, A. (2005). Research and Markets: Doing business in Shanghai. M2 Presswire. http://www.researchandmarkets.com/ Yin, C. (2007). China. World Factbook. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications Ahmed, M. (2007). UAE. World Factbook. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications Rashtchy, S. (2004). China Internet market. China Analyst, Vol. 1, No. 18. http://www.piperjaffray.com Redinger, T. (2003). Chinese Culture. Traditional Society and Culture. http://countrystudies.us/china/ Chang, L. (2004). China. Business Travel Guides. www.china-business-travel.com/travelguide Schumacher, W. (2003). National Guidelines in China. http://www.ilo.org/public/

Changing Roles of Women Essay -- Sociology

Since the beginning of the 1800's, women had been fighting for the rights that they wanted. Women should be able to vote, control their own property and income, and they should have access to higher education and professional jobs. Women also had many roles in society. Women had very important parts in jobs as they took up more responsibilities. Girls, young ladies, and women of all ages were working harder to bring home income. Most women thought the pay and the conditions were unfair. These arguments grew as women fought more and more for social equality. Women found jobs wherever they could. Women's work on farms and at home was essential but the younger women moved from rural areas to cities to work in factories. Immigrant women also turned to the factories for work. While some women were working hard in factories, other women were building volunteer organizations that took roles in rapidly reforming education, labor relations, public health, and other areas of society. Women that did neither of these jobs still worked in the home cleaning. More urban women made their own brea...

An event in your life that changed you Essay

A new house, new school, and a completely new atmosphere were ahead of my nine-year-old life. I had lived in the same house for what it seemed like forever and had attended the same school since first grade. I knew everyone. From January to December, my calendars were filled with birthday parties I had to attend. Performing in talent shows with my best friends Dezerey, Jasmine, and Nykchasia were a yearly activity at Garden Valley Elementary School. The Robinson Center’s summer camp was mandatory for my big sister, Breonna, and me. I was used to familiarities like the Chihuahua that ran to the front of its gate and barked every time I rode past it on my sleek, black rollerblades. Those rollerblades made me feel untouchable, at ease and confident until I had to ride them in a new area, surrounded by new, unfamiliar people. Close to the end of my fourth grade year, my mother told my sister and me that we were moving to Terricina Gold Apartments in Natomas. I did not think it was going to change anything. I was probably a bit excited for what was to come. I can clearly remember my first day at Two Rivers Elementary school being terrified. I believe that was when it first â€Å"hit me† that I was not at â€Å"home† anymore. My comfort zone left was tarnished. I remember having butterflies and feeling as if I was going to faint before I stepped foot onto school grounds. When I got to the blacktop all I could do was stand there in silence. The other kids were standing around in there cliques and it was obvious that the fifth graders controlled the far left gate on the black top. I remember one girl that stood out. She looked larger than life in my eyes. She was bright skinned, tall and everyone seemed to flock to her. She made me feel small without even knowing her. I was having trouble finding my classroom number on the blacktop where my class was supposed to  line up. I completely gave up after a few minutes mainly because I felt so out of place I just wanted to hide. Not to mention I am legally blind and even with my glasses I still cannot see all that well so finding my class line was a far reach for my nine-year old mind. I felt out of place and inferior so I â€Å"I took it upon myself† to run away and hide in the nearest bathroom. I stayed in that bathroom for a while, even after the bell rang. I eventually decided to take a step out of the bathroom and walk to my class. In fourth grade I absolutely did not have any social skills. Many children lived in my new apartments. I envied their large groups of friends and seeing them made me miss my old ones. I could never gather up the courage to talk to anyone. Thankfully, I had my older sister. She is the most outgoing between us and she managed to know everyone in nearly a week of our residency. I eventually met everyone that lived in the apartments but I never felt at ease with them as I did with my old friends. I rode my rollerblades all around those apartments and they made me happy like a piece of home was with me. I never realized that I was in fact an introvert. I suppose I had always been a timid person my mother brings up her memories of my behavior as a child often. I never realized my childhood behavior until now. I remember my mom changing my teacher’s and being too afraid to walk into the classroom even though I knew the teacher and all the students well. Moving away from my familiarities showed how quiet and unsociable I was. I did not have friends at school until I was well into my seventh grade year. Today, I am on the verge of twenty-years-of-age, and I still have to work on speaking up and being more sociable. Before I had many friends and after I moved, I did not. I believe if I stayed where I lived before I would have been given a sense of security. Looking back, I believe I would not have gained a great number of wonderful friends. My experiences with people in my apartments are always the topic of conversation with my family and friends and they bring on tons of laughs and feelings of embarrassment. I love revisiting my old Natomas neighborhoods and seeing my old friends. We always joke saying TG (Terricina Gold) for life. I guess you can call it a family.

Essay on Anthro EXAM REVIEW

Essay on Anthro EXAM REVIEW Essay on Anthro EXAM REVIEW Exam Review UNIT ONE: Anthropology  ­ studies the origins, beliefs, development, and customs of humans. It interests in earliest forms of human race. Anthropology is divided into three groups: ââ€"  Physical  ­ how humans have adapted ââ€"  Cultural  ­ different societies are compared ââ€"  Social  ­ studies social organization of people Questions anthropologists may ask include: ââ€"  how does the distant evolutionary past affect us today? ââ€"  how are humans different from apes? Fields of study include: ââ€"  culture  ­ is it transmitted from one person to the other? ââ€"  ethnographic studies  ­ cultures change over time ââ€"  myth  ­ cultural values are transmitted from one generation to the next ââ€"  kinship  ­ members of a social group define themselves ââ€"  participant observation  ­ living with people to understand their culture Psychology  ­ studies the behaviour, mental processes, and personality of humans. What motivates individuals to behave in a certain way. There are 4 main fields of psychology: ââ€"  Experimental (conducts experiments on how humans behave) ââ€"  Developmental (how people grow) ââ€"  Social (how behaviour is influenced by groups ââ€"  Applied/Clinical (utilizes training to help people such as social workers, etc) Questions psychologists may ask include: ââ€"  What causes mental illness? ââ€"  Is personality inherited or learned? Fields of study include: ââ€"  Psychoanalysis  ­ inner experiences of the mind. Used on patients who suffer from severe anxieties and tension. ââ€"  Behavioural  ­ analysis principles of behaviour because it is observable, yet it can be studied more objectively than the visible mind. ââ€"  Cognitive  ­ perception, learning, memory, reasoning. studies how people deal with their environment, learn and remember things, make decisions, and examines how values and beliefs play a role in our lives. Sociology  ­ studies the social behaviour and how people interact, how it shapes our world. Areas include: ââ€"  gender roles ââ€"  stereotyping ââ€"  crime rates ââ€"  poverty ââ€"  peer pressure. Questions sociologists may ask include: ââ€"  Is our education system successful? ââ€"  Why are there so many gangs? Fields of study include: ââ€"  Functionalism  ­ society is studied like the human bodyÍ ¾ as each organ in the body performs a function, so does each institution in society. All are protected when all parts work together and do their jobs. ââ€"  Conflict theory  ­ studies social patterns. Produce goods to meet the needs and wants. Groups compete and struggle for resources and power. Social class form  ­ some have power over others ââ€"  Symbolic interactionism  ­ small scale patterns in everyday interactions. Humans have the ability to reason, we make the rules and learn what roles to play based on our audience or society. Hall of Fame (Anthropology) Leakey Family ââ€"  Primates  ­ a member of the mammal group with the most developed brains such as a human, ape, gorilla, etc. ââ€"  Experimented with stone aged tools to discover how our ancestors hunted for food. Jane Goodall ââ€"  worked with the leakey family ââ€"  was forced to work with chimpanzees ââ€"  her research showed what the human kingdom might have been like thousands of years ago. Hall of fame (Psychology) Ivan Pavlov ââ€"  Studied conditioned behaviour ââ€"  unconditioned stimulus (hot food on a cold day) ââ€"  unconditioned response (shivering when cold) ââ€"  conditioned stimulus (sound of a can opener) ââ€"  conditioned response (getting excited before meeting an old friend) Sigmund Freud ââ€"  developed psychoanalysis ââ€"  conscious mind (memories we can recall) ââ€"  unconscious mind (memories that we cannot recall) ââ€"  unconscious mind is more influence on human behaviour ââ€"  free association (when a therapist enters a patient's unconscious mind) ââ€"  ID/Contacts (contains all the primitive parts of our personality) ââ€"  Superego (urges us to do good things) ââ€"  Ego (doing right from wrong) ââ€"  Defense mechanism (mind uses to deal with anxiety) ââ€"  psychiatry (treatment of mental disorders) Hall of fame

Free Essays on Acupuncture

Executive Summary This is a marketing plan developed for Selma T. Jones and her new business, the Acupuncture Center, by â€Å"The Great Expectations† marketing group. We believe we have designed a marketing plan that will effectively promote the Acupuncture Center and, at the same time, stay below the marketing budget of $1,500 that we have been given by our client. By using brochures and business cards, the Greater Columbia Chamber of Commerce, and WIS TV’s CraigCam, we believe our marketing plan will be effective in bringing the Acupuncture Center the clientele it is looking for while making the business very profitable for our client. The Challenge â€Å"The Great Expectations† are faced with two challenges. Our first challenge is to find a way to market the Acupuncture Center and Selma Jones. Our second challenge is to find a way to educate the general public about acupuncture, how painless the procedure is and conditions that it can treat. We believe that if people are educated about how natural and painless acupuncture is it will help build clientele at the Acupuncture Center. At this time many people still believe that acupuncture is a form of voodoo or witchcraft. Clearing up the misconception about acupuncture, as well as marketing Jones and her business, is the goal of this marketing plan. Situation Analysis Company - Acupuncture Center Focus Acupuncture Center Selma T. Jones Strengths Jones is the only board certified woman acupuncturist in South Carolina. Many people know Jones from her previous profession as a successful prosecutor for Richland County. Jones is open-minded and well educated in the field of acupuncture. The office is in an excellent marketing location. Weaknesses New Business Owner. Limited Clientele. No Marketing Plan. Limited Business Knowledge. Market Share We believe ... Free Essays on Acupuncture Free Essays on Acupuncture Executive Summary This is a marketing plan developed for Selma T. Jones and her new business, the Acupuncture Center, by â€Å"The Great Expectations† marketing group. We believe we have designed a marketing plan that will effectively promote the Acupuncture Center and, at the same time, stay below the marketing budget of $1,500 that we have been given by our client. By using brochures and business cards, the Greater Columbia Chamber of Commerce, and WIS TV’s CraigCam, we believe our marketing plan will be effective in bringing the Acupuncture Center the clientele it is looking for while making the business very profitable for our client. The Challenge â€Å"The Great Expectations† are faced with two challenges. Our first challenge is to find a way to market the Acupuncture Center and Selma Jones. Our second challenge is to find a way to educate the general public about acupuncture, how painless the procedure is and conditions that it can treat. We believe that if people are educated about how natural and painless acupuncture is it will help build clientele at the Acupuncture Center. At this time many people still believe that acupuncture is a form of voodoo or witchcraft. Clearing up the misconception about acupuncture, as well as marketing Jones and her business, is the goal of this marketing plan. Situation Analysis Company - Acupuncture Center Focus Acupuncture Center Selma T. Jones Strengths Jones is the only board certified woman acupuncturist in South Carolina. Many people know Jones from her previous profession as a successful prosecutor for Richland County. Jones is open-minded and well educated in the field of acupuncture. The office is in an excellent marketing location. Weaknesses New Business Owner. Limited Clientele. No Marketing Plan. Limited Business Knowledge. Market Share We believe ...

California's Diverse Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

California's Diverse Population - Essay Example A diverse population becomes the defining characteristic of modern day California. This acceptance results in people co-existing within the same environment harmoniously. Within the process of living together, certain elements of the cultures become shared and learned between the people. Assimilation has been described as the process through which cultures begin to resemble one another through shared values and behaviours. The culture which results from assimilation has been compared to a molten pot or a bowl of salad because of the various elements which are involved. The aspect of a bowl of salad does not fully fit into the description of assimilation since it only signifies the co-existence of different cultural backgrounds within the same region. The multicultural societies can be perfectly described by the concept of a salad bowl where assimilation has not occurred. The melting pot concept also does not clearly describe the element of cultural assimilation. This is because despite the cultural elements becoming mixed up, there are still traces of the differences which define each culture (Sunday Review, 2014). The resulting culture becomes something different from all the rest, but the practices of each culture are not completely eliminated. Cultural assimilation can be defined as a process through which ones cultural practices begin to resemble the practices of another culture. The concept of assimilation describes effect which the changes have on both cultural background and in most cases results in the development of a unique culture among the people. This new culture carries traces of both cultural backgrounds and sometimes it could become a stronger culture. These cultural changes normally occur gradually over a long period of time until there can be a clearly distinct culture within the society (Le, 2014). The adoption of cultural values normally occurs spontaneously as a result of perceived cultural superiority of one

PERI OPERATIVE PROCEDURE CHANGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

PERI OPERATIVE PROCEDURE CHANGE - Essay Example Besides, before an operation preoperative care should also be conducted to a patient because it usually allows many patients to have better results after surgery. The preoperative care includes psychological and physical preparation. Physical care preparations include studying and analyzing patient history like anesthesia history. Thus, laboratory tests like electrolytes, CBC, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin are done (Keele, 2011). Psychological preparations like answering patient question before an operation usually decrease their anxiety. The perioperative procedure that will be analyzed in this essay is the routine shaving of surgical sites. Shaving of surgical sites is usually performed by surgeon assistant (Evans, 1998). The hospital administrator or chief surgeon determines the basis for practice after reviewing the patient history and approving the best procedure to be executed (Evans, 1998). The procedure is usually carried out by using depilatory creams , which dissolve the hair, and it is usually a slower process as the skin has to be in contact with cream for 15-30 minutes. Hair can also be removed by using clippers, with sharp edges to cut hair close to the patient skin leaving short stubble of about 0.04 inches long. Shaving is the most common method because it uses a sharp blade held within the head of the razor which is swapped over the patient skin to remove hair. Shaving, which is commonly used by many surgeons, has been implicated to cause higher risks of infections. Shaving result into microscopic cuts and abrasion, thus act as a block of the skin’s barrier defense against microorganism colonies (Hakim and Papalois, 2007). On the flip side, depilatory creams have a catastrophic disadvantage in that there could be an allergic reaction to the cream thus forcing nurses to conduct a patch test 24 hours prior to operation time thus leads to increased cost. The rationale for making the decision usually lies to the operat ion team and factors like allergy and health record due to SSIs infections determines the best method to be employed (Hakim and Papalois, 2007). Besides, shaving of surgical sites before any operation is usually carried out in a specific manner to reduce the spread of SSI and avoid health catastrophe that a patient may suffer due to poor administration of safety procedure during shavings (Fisher et al, 2007). Preparation of surgery of years has included the removal of body hair form the intended surgical wound site. Hair is mainly removed as its presence can impede with the exposure of the incision and subsequent wound. Besides, hair is also alleged to be associated with lack of cleanliness thus hair removal has shown too led to reduction of surgical site infections. A surgical site infection (SSIs) contributes tremendously to surgical morbidity and mortality every year. SSIs accounts for15% of all nosocomial infections experienced by patients after surgery. There are three types of SSIs defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and they include incisional or organ infection, which is further subdivided as superficial (it mainly involves only the skin and subcutaneous tissue) and versus deep which infects the underlying soft tissue beneath the skin. Most of the SSI cases, the pathogen source, is the native flora of the patient’s skin, mucous membranes or hallow viscera. When a patient skin is incised, the underlying skin tissue is uncovered to the