Theory of Motivation in Marketing - 1954 Words

Introduction Any fundamental knowledge about marketing should consider the fact that this process involves various psychological underpinnings, including motivation. The theory of motivation in marketing does not only pertain to a single theoretical construct, but to a number of premises that explain how marketers may respond to the motivational needs of consumers. Consumers purchase products and patronise services depending on how those products respond to their basic biological needs or to psychological needs for esteem, status, social recognition, belonging, and/or self-actualisation (Drummond, et al. 2008). A consumer’s actual motivation causes him or her to move or respond to the message of a promotion or advertisement and the type of response often determines the effectiveness (or lack thereof) of marketing strategies. By identifying consumer motivations, marketers help satisfy their needs, thereby facilitating the relationship between these consumers and business organ izations. In any case, knowledge about the general motivation theory, and its different sub-theories, allow marketers to develop marketing mix, strategies, and solutions to respond to the needs of various consumer demographics, aspirations, and goals. These insights are further elaborated in the succeeding sections of this paper. Theoretical Context Before examining some recent examples of marketing strategies, campaigns, and approaches that align with the theory of motivation, it is essential toShow MoreRelatedIntroduction To Motivation Theory And Its Influence On Marketing Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesBrief introduction to motivation theory and its influence on marketing INTRODUCTION Marketing occupies a very important part in the development of the company. â€Å"Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create an exchange and satisfy individual and organizational objectives.†( American Marketing Association 2004) But how marketers know why consumers do what they do and what product they need? Having aRead MoreEvaluating Moral Issues Of Motivation Theories : Lessons From Marketing And Advertising Practices859 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluating Moral Issues in Motivation Theories: Lessons from Marketing and Advertising Practices is a review of motivation theories and practices. The academic journal is designed to assist the reader and companies with comprehensive practices used to benefit the organization. The administered research is considering â€Å"the moral meaning of classic motivational theories and practices and their implications for both theoreticians a nd practitioners† (Shultz, T., 2013 J, 26(1), p. 1). The research wasRead MoreThe Effect of Work Design on Other Organisational Functions and Activities Including Production, Finance, Human Resources, and Marketing Etc.1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe effect of Work Design on other organisational functions and activities including Production, Finance, Human Resources, and Marketing etc. Work Design is closely related to operations management and within this is will have the greatest effect on production, which is an operations function, rather than finance, human resources or marketing which are separate business functions. Production Productivity has been generally defined as a ratio of a measure of output to a measure of someRead MoreInvolvement And Motivation : An Important Tool For Defining The Behavior Of The Consumers Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesInvolvement and Motivation is considered as an important tool for defining the behaviour of the consumers. It plays a vital role in across all kinds of marketing strategies. In this essay, the term Involvement, Motivation and its relationship between those two factors and further consumer behaviour theories such as self, attitudes and ethics will be analysed. It will begin with the definition of Involvement and link with Motivation will be examined. Then, types of Involvement will be discussed. InRead MoreHow Does Involvement Can Make Products Differentiate From Them?1452 Words   |  6 Pagesan important topic within marketing, and especially when discussing consumer behaviour. This essay aims to explain different types of involvement, using real life examples to illustrate the concepts. Competitors will always be competitors, so this ess ay will also highlight how involvement can make products differentiate from them. Lastly, a few other theories relevant to involvement are lightly discussed. Relating involvement with motivation Involvement and motivations go hand in hand when it comesRead MoreThe Different Theories of Motivation929 Words   |  4 PagesWithout motivation, a person might never get out of bed because for the average person, motivation is behind every single action. For psychologists, motivation means much more than that, too, as it is important to understand human motivation to understand human behavior. Motivation can be studied from a variety of psychological schools of thought including behaviorism, cognition, psychoanalysis, humanism, and cognitive-behavioral theory. There are many theories of motivation that can help psychologistsRead MoreLaw of Case Studies1514 Words   |  7 PagesStudies An Unmotivated Building Inspector Case Study By: Zulfatah Arif 1) Review the motivation theories discussed in this chapter. How would each one describe and explain the problems with Simon Lucas’s motivation? The theories that would be relevant to the problems with Simon Lucas’ motivation would be the McClelland’s Need Theory and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. For McClelland’s Need Theory, it is divided into three segments which is the need for achievement, the need for power, andRead MoreAn Analysis of Coca-Colas Blog: Cognitive Behavior and Motivation Theories856 Words   |  3 Pagesanalysis of Coca-Colas blog will focus on cognitive behavior and on motivation theories in analyzing the effectiveness of this particular communications tool. One aspect of cognitive behavior that Coca-Cola has long emphasized in its marketing is classical conditioning. Coca-Cola marketing presents the beverage as being thirst-quenching. The image of the person drinking a Coke to be refreshed is used with repetition in marketing campaigns and the result is to create a link in the mind of the customerRead MoreBusiness Environment Past Papers1115 Words   |  5 PagesLearning Outc ome 5 The learner will: Understand the marketing process including marketing strategy, marketing planning and market research. Assessment Criteria The learner can: 5.1 Explain the importance of the marketing process and define key marketing terms, including market segmentation, Product Life Cycle, marketing mix, niche market, mass market, Unique Selling Point. Indicative Content 5.1.1 Define and explain the importance of the marketing process. 5.1.2 Explain how a market for a productRead MoreThe Marketing Objectives And The Consumer Centric1643 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitute of marketing (CIM)ï ¼Å'â€Å"Marketing is the process of identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer needs profitably.† Marketing is a term gradually into people’s version; it also become to the company’s primary sector with the improvement of the economic development and the increased in household’s disposal income. Some firms realized that only pay attention to the internal capability to product quality and philosophy rather than focus on customer satisfaction and marketing tools are not

Analysis of Culture and Leadership Styles Free Essays

1.1 Introduction People expect their leaders to behave in a certain manner due to their bestowed status. Cultural forces play a major role in outlining the performance of its leaders. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Culture and Leadership Styles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several countries embrace concept of leadership in all organizational and political aspects (Zelden, 2006). This implies that leadership is a definite function of cultural differences in the USA and France. In addition, countries differ in exercising leadership concepts. France, for instance has, distinctly varied views about their culture and leadership style. France embraces two major traits among its leaders; based on their charismatic and ability to build consensus while the USA embraces two traits from its leaders: those who delegate authority and grant autonomy (Williams, 2009). The paper also takes an insight about the various clashing leadership practices in the economic and political sectors. In addition, the paper highlights the French culture in the domain of values orientation and dimensions. Stereotypes align the destiny of a country and changes the way people view their leaders. The paper highlights practical clashes in the ethical consideration in France and the US. T he success of a given country stems from the imminent culture and leadership styles. 1.2 Brief Overview of French Culture In France, the leaders stream from their management schools such as the Grandes Ecole, which is one of the elite schools. The colleges are the champion of intellectual rigor amongst the able youths in the country. This leads to a highly educated group of leaders with extremely high academic precision. The society also values intellectualism amongst the leaders. The management in French constitutes the leadership which is assigned the intellectual task of mastering and analyzing the concepts and information in a rational manner (Hall, 2009). The society also practices other pragmatic issues such as motivation to its followers. Decisions are made at senior levels progressing to the lowly rated leaders for implementation (Zelden, 2006). This is seen as a directive approach by those in a non-hierarchical background and from a consensus orientation. These groups of people view the leadership system insufficient of the required team building elements and being authoritative. France has a h igh level of power distance as well as high uncertainty avoidance. The French society values a collective culture and is keen on upholding women issues. 1.3 Clashing Values, Attitudes and Behavior between and France and American Culture 1.3.1 Power Distance Power distance is a virtue used to measure ‘inequality’ acceptance level in a given society. Basically, all societies’ experience ‘inequality’ but at varied levels, for instance: legal, social, political and material differences (Alder, 2008). Societies differ at the level at which they accept inequality. USA, for instance, has a lower power distance as compared to France. Government leaders with power tend to act above other human beings just like President Nixon who made attempts to circumvent the law to justify his unruly behavior (Crunden, 2008). When we compare this trait between the US and France, several insights are established. Jacques Rousseau differentiated between inequality on intelligence and force. Rousseau asserted that all men ought to be considered equal despite devoid of privileges and superiority among human beings (Hall, 2009). In France, leaders have taken the power distance advantage and are exploiting people at personal benefit . This clearly explains why France is not successful when compared to other countries like the USA. 1.3.2 Uncertainty Avoidance This virtue helps define an attitude forged on the unknown. It is evident that some societies exhibit more anxiety in coping with uncertainty over others. Deresky (2006) opines that the USA manifests lower uncertainty avoidance while France has a higher score of uncertainty avoidance. This implies that fear of the unknown in France may elicit people to take on in actions that have uncertain outcomes. In contrast, low uncertainty people tend to be innovative, are risk takers and they are never hampered by uncertainties that hinder one’s progress (Boehnke, 2012). It is also a factor which hinders understanding of the French culture due to various contradictions in the French culture. Countries with high uncertainty avoidance, acknowledge that employs are supposed to obey their leaders without queries about their decisions and motives. However, France manifests a different channel as employees have the power to understand the operations of the organization and decline to follow a n order blindly as opposed to the case in the USA. Employees in France can withhold compliance and decide that the leaders or the supervisor does not have the right to request a certain issue from the employee (Miroshnik, 2010). 1.4 French Culture using the Values Orientation Dimensions Yukl (2006) acknowledges that collectivism measures the socialization gained by an individual as part of a given group. The society believes that their livelihood is alleged to a given group considering its members and seeking support from the group. Individuals offer their products to a group in a collectivistic culture while individuals usually stand apart from a given group in an individualistic culture (Zelden, 2006). France has a mild individualistic culture (Alder, 2008). This implies that France has a consolidated collectivistic culture. Ties are very loose among workers, children and parents and among individuals. France finds it hard to manifest and respect decisions made by a certain ‘group’ but it prefers independent relationships (Adler, 2008). Femininity is a measure by which states pursue attributes linked with women such as; quality of life, social harmony and safeguarding relationships (Williams, 2009). Feminine societies are characterized to put more emphasis on such traits. Masculine societies on the other hand, adhere to manly behaviors like wealth accumulation, quality of life and they value work as opposed to embracing social pursuits. Individuals in a masculine culture gain fame by the extent to what they have while feminine culture defines individuals based on who they are and as intrinsic beings. France has a lower score in embracing masculinity but it has performed well in embracing femininity. France is ranked number six in the world economy due to its adherence to femininity virtues (Yukl, 2006). For France to prosper in its economy, it has to join the USA by setting aside the quality of life and love for harmony. In addition, individual liberties and freedom has caused France to deteriorate in economic growt h. 1.5 Leadership Style to be used in France Charisma invokes an attribution element on the subjects as they envy personal costs and sacrifices made by their leaders in accomplishing their vision. Charismatic leaders have an extraordinary influence on their subjects. Such leaders exhibit dominance, extraversion and self-confidence (Hall, 2009). Charismatic leaders use emotional appeals as opposed to authority when eliciting compliance from their followers. Charisma may be easily adaptable by the French culture as opposed to the US culture. French culture is not limited to adhering to authority despite having a collectivistic culture (Deresky, 2006). In addition, French does not change their ways due to external forces. However, French subjects may be easily influenced by a charismatic leader as they might feel that they respect and adhere to his objections freely. French followers like the fact that they are free subjects with right to act in an appealing manner. This implies that the congruence between followers and leadersâ⠂¬â„¢ vision can merge with the followers and leaders’ values (Hall, 2009). ‘France’ ‘therefore’ is an outstanding state with all these traits in congruence. 1.6 Role of Stereotypes Stereotypes play a huge role in the management of a company and a state. In the US culture, the subjects have been acclimatized to the natural rule of the land. For a long time, the Americans have shown respect to leaders who delegate authority to the juniors and grant autonomy. The Americans have been subjected to the norm rule and show much respect to risk taking and confident leaders. This has been exemplified by leaders such as John Wayne (Hall, 2009). The adoption of masculinity in US has led to its huge growth in economy. Masculinity is associated with creation and accumulation of wealth as well as value addition in someone’s life. Stereotypes in the French culture have made Mitterand and De Gaulle national heroes (William, 2009). This is based on the perceived good leadership skills such ability to build consensus and charisma. The French economy has deteriorated due to believe in femininity which is associated with love for harmony and quality of life. 1.7 Practical Advice The adoption of a single and universal leadership style is quite vital in all sectors of life such as the economic, social and cultural. Policy makers have the mandate to ensure that all individuals adhere to the national culture. Achieving the adoption of policy both at national and company level helps asses the ways in which subjects react towards decisions made. It is difficult for strict measures to be adhered to in the US both at national and organization level. This is due to the pragmatic approach adopted in the analysis of varied situations (Adler, 2008). On the other hand, French tend to adopt philosophy in most of the decisions as well as protesting both at national and organization level. The French believe in liberty, equality and freedom. Knowledge about the importance of adopting a universal leadership style helps policy makers in transcribing other modes in devising policies. 1.8 Possible Clashes Adoption of a universal leadership style may also help in the economic ‘sector’ especially the relationship between the employees and the boss. Adoption of a transformational system may sometimes be misleading a country like France may require tactics of more than just a transformational leader to convince the subjects accept his or her decisions (William, 2009). A company based in the US may find it hard to cope with French culture as the company may face several ‘riots’ however, a company acting in unison with the anticipations of the subjects’ values and vision will prosper. More so, understanding culture and leadership helps people with diverse culture such as American adopting French standards to cope and ignore differences between cultural values (Hall, 2009). 1.9 Conclusion This paper has theoretically analysed the French culture in terms of the leadership style and culture. The study has also concluded that leadership emerges from influence. In the US, for ‘instance’ leaders propose the decisions that followers must adhere to for the country to achieve the set goals. Decision are made and at times not followed in the French culture as the followers claim that every decision must be in compliance with equality and freedom (Adler, 2008). France is therefore one of the states that ought to redefine its leadership style. The varied cultures in the two countries have forced one group to set up conditions to help express its freedom towards what is considered good as the other group has pursued what is aligned towards the perceptions of the individual. Thus, France and the USA have two varied national leadership and cultural traits. References Adler, N. (2008). International dimensions of organizational behavior, fifth edition. New York, NY: Thomson Learning. Boehnke, K. (2012). Transformational leadership: an examination of cross-national differences and similarities. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 24(1), 5-15. Crunden, R. M. (2008). A brief history of American culture. New York: Paragon House. Deresky, H. (2006). International management: Managing across borders and cultures. (5th ed.). NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Hall, E. T. (2009). Beyond culture. New York: Doubleday. Miroshnik, V. (2010). Culture and international management: A review. Journal of Management Development, 21(7), 521-544. Williams, S. D. (2009). Personality, attitude, and leader influences on divergent thinking and creativity in organizations. European Journal of Innovation Management, 7(3), 187-204. Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in organizations (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Zelden, T. (2006). The French. London: Harvill, Harper Collins. How to cite Analysis of Culture and Leadership Styles, Essay examples

Members of society Essays - Kids, Nature Versus Nurture, Parenting

Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words. Where to pick up the sense of citizenship for the young kids? People have different view of points about this topic. Some people support this idea that it is the parents who have responsibility to nurture their own children and help them acquire how to be qualified citizen in the future. Obviously, during childhood, kids normally spend majority of their time with parents who accompany them being through most of the scenarios of life. And during these occasions children will directly see the way how their parents behavior and then imitate later when the same situations happen to them. However, the opponents give another answer that the ethic education is part of schooling. For one, after getting into school, the students will actually have chance to get along with the world outside family by their own. Besides, teachers are the professional educators who has been learnt and practiced to help kids with their development both intelligently and emotionally, which will lead a good guide for childrens growth. For my point of view, I think both parties need to pay attention for building up little childrens ownership of our society. No doubt, parents are the first teachers to their kids and have significant impact for the kids life ever since they were born. Take myself as an example, my parents give me not only biological heritage, but also the values of world and life, which do influence me about my behaviors when I am with others. On the other hand, our teachers also had their impact on us in more general scope in our growth. In conclusion, it is the efforts from both parents and the teachers to nurture the young generation to be qualified members of our society.

Hemp essays

Hemp essays Throughout American history our country has come to rely on many different natural resources. With technology and the population increasing, the number of fossil fuel reserves and natural forests are going down. What America needs is a renewable source of fuels and fibers that will meet the growing needs of the future, but will not damage our environment. One of the most promising sources of fiber, fuel, and natural oil is hemp. Hemp, also known as Cannabis Sativa L, has been used in our country since the early 17th century (Schreiber 160). Although hemp is considered an illegal drug, many people forget that it is a part of our countrys history. Despite its negative connotations, hemp has the potential to revolutionize the paper, cotton, and fuel industries. Its long fibers can be weaved with others to make stronger clothing, while its pulp can be used to make stronger paper. It has been known as an important resource for thousands of years, and in the future, perhaps it will be agai n. Hemp is a plant that originated in Asia several thousand years ago (Schreiber 7). Its genus is called Cannabis, to which there are three sub species, Sativa, Indica, and Ruderalis. Hemp is of the sativa family, which normally grows to about 4 meters and has a hollow, fibrous stem. When grown industrially, the male plant is used primarily because it grows tall and spindly, producing the most fiber, and allowing the farmer to plant more in a smaller area. The female plant is much shorter, and produces buds. Hemp is often confused with another plant of the same genus, Marijuana. Because of this confusion it is imperative that the differences between these two plants are understood. Although very similar, Marijuana is not the same plant as hemp (Williams 2). Marijuana, also known as pot, hashish, or weed, is grown for its buds and leaves, to produce psychoactive effects when introduced into the human body. Marijuana has high levels of THC (Delta-9 ...

Formal Fused Words

Formal Fused Words Formal Fused Words Formal Fused Words By Mark Nichol Inasmuch as it pains me to say it, notwithstanding my affection for fused words, nevertheless, I encourage readers to use some of the words listed hereinafter sparingly and others not at all. Evolution of the English language includes a process called univerbation (yes, that’s really a word), the combination of a fixed expression of two or more words into a single word. It’s how two nouns are transformed into a closed compound such as lightbulb, or how a phrase such as â€Å"forget me not† coalesces into a noun such as forget-me-not, to represent something new. It’s how phrases like â€Å"young urban professional† are abbreviated to words such as yuppie, and how a portmanteau word like smog is formed. It’s how a verb phrase like â€Å"going to† is slurred to sound like gonna, and how a combination of a preposition and an infinitive such as in and to becomes the preposition into and how three words like not, with, and standing, which in sequence make little sense, are welded together to become a (highly formal) synonym for despite. (Other fused words are still considered invalid, such as the ubiquitous alot and alright and the rarer moreso and eachother, but in centuries to come these will likely be considered standard.) It applies also to when two or three words (sometimes with the aid of another word that remains independent) unite to perform an adverbial function or to serve as a conjunction or as a pronoun. Note, however, that in many cases, these words- though no more venerable than any of the other English vocabulary that has survived for multiple centuries with little change- may be perceived as archaic or at least stuffy. When it comes to the words and phrases listed below, clear communication might be better served by employing a more transparent phrase that represents the same idea. Adverbs Many compound adverbs, such as those beginning with any (anyone, anything, and so on), are entirely acceptable, as is the slightly more formal however, as well as thereafter, therefore, nevertheless, and nonetheless, but the following words may be seen as pedantic: hereinafter: following this part of this document or writing hereinbefore: preceding this part of this document or writing heretofore: up to this time hitherto: up to this time howsoever: in whatever manner, to whatever degree or extent insomuch: to such a degree therein: in that place, thing, or time, or in that particular or respect thereinafter: following the part of that document or writing thereinbefore: preceding the part of that document or writing theretofore: up to that time Conjunctions Some compound conjunctions (such as although) are familiar, but the following might be seen as distractingly formal: albeit: even though forasmuch as: in view of the fact that howbeit: even though inasmuch as: in view of the fact that, or in the degree that insofar: to such degree or extent whensoever: at any or every time wheresoever: anywhere at all Pronouns Whatever, whenever, and so on are everyday words, and whatnot is common though it may be perceived as substandard dialect, but the following are stiff: whatsoever: anything or everything, or no matter what, or anything that might also be mentioned (also an adjective) whosoever: whatever person, or no matter who In summary, with few exceptions (such as nevertheless), consider avoiding words with infixes (words inserted between others to form a single word)- though they are forgivable when used whimsically- and note that even some infix-free fused words (such as therein) may be considered overly formal. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†Do you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?40 Synonyms for Praise

Patch 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patch 1 - Essay Example In order to impart education effectively, teachers have to adopt appropriate and efficient resources according to nature of the lesson. One of these resources is Information Communication technology which has stemmed out of technology-enhanced learning. Technology-enhanced learning depicts usage of technology in overall learning process. It is often misunderstood as E-learning, however it refers to use of technology which facilitates interaction between the instructor and student. Usage of technology allows the students to perform critical analysis by immersing themselves in learning and deduce meaningful information out of the content that is being shown to them. This technique allows students to perform self-directed questioning that facilitates two-way learning between teacher and student. Web-based learning and study guides through selected CD-ROM based lessons can be effective resources for technology enhanced learning. The rationale behind this tool is based on Kolb’s ex periential learning theory (1971) and Schank’s learning by doing (2010). These theories illustrate that experiencing the learning process, breaking down information into manageable bits and processing them is further facilitated when a student is actively engaged in them. If a student is asked to visit several websites about museums and analyze their differences accordingly, they are actually undergoing a virtual tour which enhances their meta-cognitive and problem solving skills. Furthermore, engaging student in writing a report about this tour with the help of ICT tools such as Word processing tools would help them perform more analysis and share their inputs about what they have learned. Allowing students to view content available on Web makes them perform critical analysis, find out relevant information and deduce meaning out of it. Although it is a tedious process that requires teacher’s supervision but it is more efficient in engaging students instead of simple i nstruction based lectures. In order to enhance overall language development and learning in students, it is important that they are made to think and transform their thoughts in appropriate words. For this purpose, using interactive whiteboards and videos can be effective media. Using whiteboards, drawing diagrams and flowcharts helps students to think through teacher’s instructions and correspond to them accordingly. Therefore, information is being received, processed and illustrated in the form of questions and feedback by students. Furthermore, using videos and audios help students to use experiential learning strategies and perform mind mapping which not only gives meanings to words but also make them more memorable by attaching images to them. Learning appropriate dialect can be facilitated by allowing students to imitate teacher’s words and figure out meaning from them. Usually teachers in communication classes use audio aids which help students understand approp riateness of different communication styles and vocabulary usage. According to Genishi (1988), children learn better

Academic Integrity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic Integrity - Assignment Example The present research has identified that a leader who has integrity also has the courage to differentiate right from wrong and to act on what he believes and stands for it. The signs of the leader having integrity are that he is honest not only to himself but also to the world, he learns from his mistakes and is also not afraid to accept his mistakes and speaking up when something wrong or out of the ordinary is observed. A Leader who has integrity engraved within him also becomes a role model for others and has the potential of affecting the world on a large scale. Hence, a person who demonstrates exquisite leadership skills with an added asset of integrity is bound to the road to success. Academic integrity is taught in many academic institutions in the form of moral conducts, it is mentioned in the universities websites. Moreover, students are given classes on how to practice it to the fullest. According to MSU, academic integrity means to submit authentic and genuine work and to praise people work by acknowledging them. The failure to comply with academic integrity leads to the failure of student and even dismissal of a student from the university. MSU has strict policies against academic dishonesty. It states various rules and regulation regarding academic dishonesty in research, the duties of a student regarding academic integrity etc. If a student is accused of conducting academic dishonesty, he is evaluated by his supervising teacher and is then given the penalty on the basis of his degree of dishonesty. The student may then appeal for a hearing. It is also the responsibility of the students to practice integrity in scholarships, grades, and standards of the professions.